Niels Bohr proposed that electrons only exist in specific energy states.
1. ground states -when all the electrons of an atom are in their lowest possible energy levels
2. excited states-when on or more of atoms electrons are in energy level.
-Energy level is the amunt of energy, which an electon in an atom can possess.( n is the of energy level)
-The difference between two particular energy level is called quantum of energy.
An orbital is the actual region of space occupied by an electron in a particular energy level.
A shell is the set of all orbitals having the same n-value.
A subshell is a set of orbitals of the same type.
-The letter S,P,D,F-four different types of orbitals and for each value of n,there is a different type of orbitals
n=1 only s-type one
n=2 s-type,p-type three
n=3 s-type, p-type,d-type five
n=4 s-type,p-type,d-type,f-type seven
*A maximum of 2 electrons can be placed in each orbit
The order in the orbital:
Writing Electronic Configuration for Neutral Atoms
1. start with the lowest energy level
2.calculate how many electrons you have(neutral atoms=atomic number),then start with 1s and just keep adding until none left behind
3.each electron is represent by up and down arrow
For negative ion
-Add electrons equal to the charge to the last unfilled subshell
For positive ion
-start with the neutral configuration, remove electrons from the outermost shell first.
-if the s and p are electrons in both of the outermost shell, the electrons in the p-orbitals are removed first
Core Notation
using the core and the outer electrons to show the electron configuration
1. located the atom on the period table and note the noble gas at the end of the row above the element
2.replace the electrons with noble gas
eg. S 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4the first three parts replaced by noble gas Ne [Ne] 3s2 3p4
*exceptions Cu and Cr
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