Organic Chemistry--Functional Groups

Functional Groups are organic compounds can contain elements other than C and H.

Ex. Alcohols, Halides and Nitro, Aldehydes, Ketones

Halides and Nitro Compounds

- they can be attached  to alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

- add the following prefixes in front of the main chain:

F: fluoro

Cl: chloro

Br: bromo

I: iodo

NO2: nitro

Ex. 1, 2, 3-trichloropentane

Alcohols

- contains an -OH functional group

- when naming an alcohol, use the longest chain that contains the OH group

- the "e" ending in the parent hydrocarbon is replaced by "ol"

Ex. 3-ethyl-2-pentanol

- If there are more than one -OH group, add -diol, -triol, etc. endings

Ex. 1,2-butanediol

Aldehydes:

- a compound that contains a double bond oxygen at the end of a chain

- change the parent ending to "-al"

Ex. propanal

Ketones:

- a compound that contains a double bond oxygen that is not on either end

- add "-one" ending to the parent hydrocarbon

Ex. 4-methyl-3-heptanone